Capital Gains Tax Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Capital Gains Tax - Research Paper Example (Market Value $ 40,000 Less Asset Cost $ 50,000 = Capital misfortune $ 10,000). Anyway being a depreciable resource this sum can not be set off against the capital increases from different resources. Under the uniform capital recompenses framework that applies from 1 July 2001, any increase or misfortune from a devaluing resource is remembered for your assessable salary, or deductible as an adjusting change, to the degree the benefit was utilized for an available reason (for instance, to create assessable pay). The private venture CGT concessions don't have any significant bearing to gains you make on devaluing resources that are remembered for your pay under the uniform capital recompenses framework. The Capital Gains coming about because of Goodwill is dependent upon the Capital Gains Tax. In the moment case there is a capital addition of $ 15,000 (Market Value $ 90,000 Minus Cost $ 75,000) which will be remembered for the available capital increases. The capital increases coming about because of land and structures is additionally to be remembered for the capital additions charge figurings. The exchange would bring about a capital increase of $ 50,000 (Market Value $ 200,000 short expense $ 150,000) that will draw in the capital additions charge. At the point when the net resources esteem under the Maximum ... At the point when the net resources esteem under the Maximum Net Asset Value Test the estimation of the net resources doesn't surpass $ 6 million. Net resources for this reason does exclude offers, units or different interests, non-business resources, individual resources including the home. The Net resource esteem is determined as the market estimation of the advantages short liabilities identifying with those benefits. At the point when the turnover of the business doesn't surpass $ 2 million At the point when the CGT occasion offering ascend to the capital increase occurred after 11.45am on 21 September 1999, and At the point when the advantages included are possessed the benefit required for in any event a year. Under the Active Asset Test if the business is as yet existing and the benefits are claimed for under 15 years the advantage must be a functioning resource not long before the CGT occasion and for in any event half of the time of proprietorship. For a resource for be named as 'dynamic resource' it must be and is utilized or held prepared for use by an independent venture CGT partner, or a substance associated with the private company, over the span of carrying on a business, or an elusive resource inalienably associated with a business being carried on by the element (for instance, generosity) The CGT markdown isn't restricted to capital additions from business resources. The rebate permits people (remembering accomplices for associations) and trusts to lessen their capital addition by 50%1 Private company CGT concessions The accompanying four CGT concessions are accessible just for private company. 1 The private company 15-year exception gives an absolute exclusion to a capital addition on a CGT resource on the off chance that you have persistently claimed the benefit for at any rate 15 years and the important individual is 55 or over and resigning, or is for all time weakened. 2 The private company half

Raving Is A Lifestyle :: essays research papers

Evaluating The Spawning Techniques For Bivalves

Assessing The Spawning Techniques For Bivalves Control of proliferation is an essential in present day bivalves aquculture ventures because of questionable amount and nature of normal disagreement just as market request on normalized items. Generating is one basic advance in bivalves incubation center, along with treatment and larval raising, in this way a ton of research has been done to investigate forthcoming techniques and comprehend the procedure inside. Different methods in bringing forth procedures are introduced thus, for example gamete stripping and generating acceptance by compound or physical energizers. Where significant, favorable position and inconvenience of every procedure are talked about and analyzed. Presentation Bivalves are sea-going creatures have a place with the phylum Mollusca which described by two calcareous shells covering a delicate body, encompassingboth marine and new water species both marine and new water species. Some notable bivalves, for example, mollusks, scallop, mussels, and shellfish; has been effectively refined since decades or hundreds of years back (Nash, 2011). These days, bivalves and different individuals from molluscs represents about 30% of aquaculture creation with volume in excess of 50 million tons in 2006 (FAO, 2008). Serious creation is expected to fulfill showcase needs on palatable and high worth bivalves (pearl shellfish). One significant key of strengthening is power over the entirety of the creation steps, including the board of propagation which will prompt higher profitability with lower cost so as to arrive at best efficiencies and normalized items. Controlled generating of molluscs is the most ideal approach to acquire solid flexibly of value seeds and diminish conditions upon inconsistent characteristic bringing forth occasions to gather spat. The advancement of bivalves incubation facility was begun in 1879 when William Brooks showed that clam eggs could be produced and formed into the larval stage in research center (Castagna, 1983). No distributed report on fake engendering of bivalve molluscs until 1920s when William Wells effectively raised clam hatchlings. These two discoveries give significant information to assist advancement in molluscan aquaculture. This article will portray various normal generating procedures for bivalves, which partitioned into 2 classes: gamete stripping and bringing forth enlistment. Henceforward, gamete stripping is considered not enlistment since the word acceptance alludes to a convincing or animating activity, while another creators may characterize the other way. Preferred position and hindrance contemplations of every strategy are incorporated, especially in pertinence with functional cultivating viewpoints. 1. Gamete Stripping As the name demonstrates, this strategy includes expulsion of gamete from gonad tissue. Quickly, completely ready gonad overlies the stomach related tract was slice more than once with surgical tool and washed with separated seawater to gather the gametes. Microscopy assessment is expected to decide sex and presence of the ova and sperms. Subsequently, just all around prepared administrators can do it as a result of significant level of challenges. Because of its adequacy, gamete stripping has been generally used to get gametes in numerous Bivalvia species. Pacific shellfish (Suquet et al., 2007), pearl clams Pinctada fucata (Alagarswami et al., 1983a), and European level shellfish Crassostrea gigas (Shpigel, 1989) are some of life forms effectively produced utilizing gamete stripping. Besides, this strategy clearly the best way to acquire develop gametes for species that can not be brought forth by any physical or synthetic incitement. In certain bivalves, suitable eggs doesn't really acquired following stripping in light of the fact that normally a progression of actuation process happens in follicle preceding bringing forth, I. e. expulsion of germinal vesicles and development of germinal axle (Loosanof, 1953; Southgate, 2008). Loosanof and Davis (1963) rewarded eggs of mercenaria with 0.1N ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), however the undeveloped organisms didn't grow well and prompting low level of ordinary hatchlings contrasted with their normally generated partners. Up until this point, no reports about detail components on how NH4OH actuates eggs, while complete comprehension of the procedure is totally significant for streamlining or likely substitute NH4OH with another potential substance. Stripping itself is a ruinous and deadly technique, along these lines it's anything but a practical method to keep up broodstock assortments. Relinquishing prevalent broodstock must be significant misfortune that all incubation facilities attempt to evade it. In like manner, pearl clams incubation centers favor another generating technique that has no unfavorable impacts, thinking about the high estimation of the item and the shellfish itself (Southgate, 2008). 2. Generating Induction by Physical and Chemical Means 2.1 Chemical improvements 2.1.1 Injections of sex steroids The nearness of steroids in molluscs has been distinguished by Hagerman et al. (1957) and its changes have a solid connection with sexual development, gamete discharge, and sex assurance in bivalve (Croll and Wang, 2007). A serotonin, 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), works synergistically with steroid for those capacities since steroids direct 5-HT receptor on the layer of gametes (Kadam et al., 1991). Blends of 5-HT and steroid intragonadal infusions are the most generally utilized in aquaculture cultivating practice. Adequacy of steroid treatment must be evaluated on species premise in light of the fact that a specific steroid may give various outcomes in various species. Also, one animal types could give different reactions to certain steroids, regardless of whether they have comparative substance structure. Distributed reports by Wang Croll (2003; 2004; 2006) clarify unmistakably about gonadal development just as producing reactions in ocean scallop Placopecten magellanicus towards various steroid infusions, both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro examination by Wang and Croll (2003) shows 10-5-10-8 M progesterone and 17ãžâ ²-estradiol potentiated gamete discharge in 5-HT-initiated gonads tissue of P. magellanicus, both female as well as male. On the opposite side, testosterone (10-5-10-7 M) was just successful in male and no huge consequences for dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and 4ãžâ ±-androsterone infusions. Utilization of steroid inhibitors and control gathering (5-HT-hatched gonads) in the test emphatically propose steroids and steroid receptors include in molluscan propagation. Those outcomes are affirmed with in vivo examination by Wang and Croll (2006), albeit somewhat unique. Progesterone, which can start gamete discharge in male and female gonads tissue in vitro, exhibited inhibitory impact in 5-HT-initiated female P. magellanicus. Another intriguing actuality is the quantity of gametes discharged (producing force) are strongly expanded up to 300% and the reaction time after infusion (generating dormancy) decreased about 30%. In spite of its focal points, organization of sex steroid in bivalves cultivating obviously force extra expense since serotonin must be utilized in corresponding to acquire ideal outcome. Top to bottom monetary computations may be important to arrive at a harmony among cost and advantages. 2.1.2 Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) H2O2 application to initiate bivalves bringing forth was first announced by Morse et al. (1977). He and his associates found that expansion of 5mM of H2O2 to soluble seawater effectively initiated generating, in both male and female gravid abalone Haliotis rufescens, inside around 3 hours after the main expansion. This impact results from enactment of prostaglandin endoperoxidase by peroxides, which in the long run triggers the generating reaction. Their paper convincingly pointed that H2O2, neither another contaminants nor substances, starts the bringing forth (Table 1). Pulverization of H2O2 by catalase and mercaptoethanol (lessening specialist) successfully squares bringing forth. Anti-inflamatory medicine, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase and prostaglandin peroxidase union, shows endoperoxidase amalgamation is required for enlistment of generating by H2O2. Table 1. Enlistment of generating in gravid H. rufescens Treatment All out Number of Animals Tried Generated Controls 77 (47F, 30M) 3 (2F, 1M) H2O 18 (13 F, 5 M) 0 H2O2 31 (17 F, 14 M) 30 (16 F, 14 M) Anti-inflamatory medicine, at that point H2O2 26 (12 F, 14 M) 2 M Catalase, at that point H2O2 5 M 0 Mercaptoethanol, at that point H2O2 5 M 0 Note: F = female, M = male. Source: Morse et al. (1977) By and by, less achievement was accomplished in Indian pearl shellfish P. fucata with H2O2 treatment similarly as with abalone did (Alagarswami et al., 1983b). Mellow producing just happened with 6mM H2O2 for 5 hours drenching. Supplementation of seawater with Tris support at pH 9.1, which generally viable for abalone, doesn't functions admirably for P. fucata. These alternately results demonstrate H2O2 fixation must be streamlined for any refined species, at times in mix with different medicines. Since peroxide strategy is a basic and quick procedure, a test for bringing forth bivalves which recently realized hard to produce can be grown without any problem. Morse (1984) has had the option to recognize ideal conditions for gametogenesis and producing of green (H. fulgens), pink (H. corrugata), and dark abalone (H. cracherodii) utilizing peroxide technique. Bringing forth of these creatures can be initiated by H2O2 in a somewhat high temperature (20-25Â °C). 2.1.3 Injections of synapses Serotonin, 5-HT, is the most broadly utilized and likely the most intense synapse for fake bringing forth reason. In vitro examination shows ovarian tissue of Patinopecten yessoensis discharged high number of eggs after been drenched in 10-6M serotonin (Matsutani and Nomura, 1987). The investigation likewise showed collaboration among serotonin and its receptors in ovary, just as on how prostaglandins control serotonin execution in scallop. The adequacy of serotonin in vitro was affirmed in numerous in vivo investigations. Gibbons and Castagna (1984) infused six types of bivalves with 2mM serotonin, about like the focus utilized by Matsutani and Nomura (1987), and every one of them generated true to form with producing laten

When A Man Loves A Woman

Liquor abuse is a genuine ailment regularly disregarded by those whom love us the most. In the film When A Man Loves A Woman, Meg Ryan and Andy Garcia give us how a superb romantic tale can be undermined by a mind-boggling habit. The film starts with this brilliant couple who absorb themselves their affection. You promptly notice the propensities for Meg Ryan, from the absolute first scene. In spite of the fact that apparently they are simply making some great memories, the issues start to turn out to be more than Andy Garicia (meg's significant other) can deal with. Her concern gets insane when it impacts her work, loved ones. She overlooks things, acts reckless, mishandles her youngsters and afterward has a hash purchased of manhandling her self. She thusly chooses to experience recovery. Ryan has as strong of a family as could be expected under the circumstances. Trusting and imploring that everything would come back to typical, this family won't require a great deal of modifying. Despite the fact that she is done drinking she presently needs to locate an alternate way of life than the one she had been utilized to. No longer does Ryan see things with similar eyes. She battles with all the issues that join her new moderation. Finding another shared belief for this family so practically unthinkable. Once Ryan discovers conclusion in herself and figures out how to manage her changed way of life she currently has the solidarity to recover what she had been losing. It is so enthusiastic watching this glad family become torn separated and afterward to here considerably increasingly terrible accounts of things we didn't see. The family was not so much upbeat. The individual where they cherished was self-destructing within. At the point when A Man Loves A Woman, is the sort of film that can strike a chord with somebody at a wide range of focuses. You can feel for the side or the heavy drinker or for the individuals who endure around them. This was a splendidly made film. It delineates the sentiment of everybody in the circumstance so well. It is an amazing film that recounts to a troublesome story.

Question answer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Question answer - Essay Example Prominently, fund priest of State X was available at the consenting to of the arrangement between the two gatherings and subsequent to marking the archive, the money serve included the words â€Å"approved and ratified† and the priest additionally put his own mark. Later on, a debate stirred where OIC started a settlement continuing as per the techniques set out in the joint endeavor contract determining both IPF and State X. Notwithstanding, State X contended that settlement court has no purview over it. The significant case issue is that whether State X can be pardoned from taking an interest in the suit or not. As to the case, it very well may be expressed that State X can't be pardoned from partaking in the suit. As the customary law of agreement in Australia asserts that any outsider profiting by the authoritative understanding is obligated to sue the other significant gathering under the legally binding understanding and the other way around. In any case, privity of agre ement expresses that solitary the significant gatherings going into the legally binding understanding has the option to sue one another if any contest emerges. All the while, the tenet of privity of agreement denies any commitments or liabilities to third party1. In any case, the principle of privity expresses that the significant party has the option to sue the outsider profiting by the agreement. ... over the presentation of IPF, it can't be denied that any activity performed by IPC is administered by and taken with the dynamic cooperation of State X2. Hence, the activity of IPC can't be recognized from State X. Moreover, State X likewise confirmed the agreement by giving its endorsement and amendment just as the fund clergyman of State X put his mark to the legally binding understanding which gave a proof of State X’s inclusion to the authoritative understanding entered among OIC and IPF. Simultaneously, it very well may be contended that money priest of State X was supporting the agreement yet he was not making government as involved with the agreement entered. Regardless of this angle, it tends to be expressed that State X ought not be pardoned from taking an interest in the suit. Also, the intervention court has sole capacity to include State X in the suit. QUESTION 2: Considering the instance of the Republic of Argentina et al v. Weltover Inc. et al., The United State s utilized the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of 1996 to bring suit against Argentina for a default on security reimbursement. As indicated by Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act 1996, legal technique can be found out from the United States courts to obtain purview over non-US sovereign. It offers that any individual in the United States can look for purview for debates coming about because of business exchanges to non-US sovereign. It vaccinates non-U.S. states from locale of US court except if any uncommon situation applies. Likewise, Supreme Court of the USA has described â€Å"commercial activity† as the most significant special case. This special case gives the decision with respect to which gathering can apply for claim against the non-US sovereign in the US court. As a component of an arrangement to balance out solicitor, the Republic of

3 Common Academic Essay Topics Mistakes to Avoid

3 Common Academic Essay Topics Mistakes to AvoidIn college, many students are just looking for a way to turn in their academic essays. They may be struggling with the difficulty and will probably end up giving up after doing the same thing over again. These students should try a new approach to writing their academic essay topics using proven skills, techniques and guides.The first step to writing your academic essay topics is to find out what other students have done. Ask them if they had any help with this or if you can look at how they did it. Read through the other essays written by students who use the proven skills and techniques that you can learn from. This is an excellent way to pick up techniques that you can put into practice for your own purposes.Most college students know that they should list all of their facts and points in an organized way, but there are times when they forget this aspect of their essay topics. Take the time to sort the facts and information that you have into a logical order. Do not be afraid to be creative as long as you keep it organized. Doing this will make your academic essay topics look more professional and organized.Remember that academic essay topics will need to include some amount of technical terminology. It is important that your academic essay topics are easy to understand and most importantly correct. You want your readers to be able to quickly read through your academic essay topics. If you are unsure about the technical terms you can research and you will find some great examples online.The goal of a good academic essay topic is to present your thesis statement clearly. If you are unsure how to write an outline for your academic essay topics then do not worry. There are lots of books and websites that have examples of good outlines so you can follow them.When you are writing your academic essay topics you should try to be consistent with the style of writing that you have. It is important that you establish you r own style. Your audience will appreciate this because they will be able to identify with the tone of your essay.When writing your academic essay topics, you want to avoid plagiarism. You can not believe that you have a genuine idea and if you write something similar you will get in trouble. Writing for another person is a big no-no.Remember that when you are writing your academic essay topics you should avoid common mistakes. With enough time you will learn these skills and tricks to make your academic essay topics unique and interesting. These tips are a great way to start because you will be able to write the best essay possible.

Standardized Test Prep How to Keep Test Day Stress at Bay

Just like home, only the exact opposite in every way. At Cambridge Coaching, we are acutely aware that for many students, whether they're taking the SAT, the GMAT, or the MCAT, it can be much, much harder to perform on Test Day than in practice tests. Today, we'd like to provide a list of tips designed to help you make sure that you work just as well in the chilly testing room as you do in the comfort of your own home. Consider the Testing Chamber. A harshly-lit classroom in an otherwise empty building, always either overairconditioned or overheated, silent except for the relentless and uncharitably loud ticking of the clock on the wall. Full of students bent over their booklets like beggars over a tin of beans, all gripping their regulation No. 2 non-mechanical Ticonderoga pencils, which despite this being 2013 we are still compelled to use, until their hands cramp and become clawlike. A poorly-paid proctor props his shoes on the teacher's desk and pages idly through a magazine. And it is in this chamber, this brain-blunting temple of sterility, that we are expected to sit for a four-hour examination. Is it any wonder that students, even the best-prepared ones, routinely blank on Test Day? That they constantly crumble under pressure, fall apart, get fixated on the one guy next to them that seems not to have showered in a month, and before they know it they've been staring at the same problem for t en minutes and suddenly despair barges in like the Kool-Aid Guy? What is to be done? First things first, we must all adopt the immortal mantra of Syrio Forel, Dancing Master: 1. Never think about your score. You do the question in front of you, and you do it right. Don't think about the last problem, or the problems that will come. Don't decide, "God, I've gotten so many wrong already, can't I just give up?" No. Dancing Master Sirio would not approve. Just solve this one problem, and move on. 2. Always know how to start. The best way to keep from feeling bewildered and lost is to have a process for every type of question. When you come to a sentence completion, and you don't even know where to start, take a deep breath, and remember the methods you've studied. This is where having a standardized test prep tutor can really come in handy, because then you aren't just remembering methods, you're remembering the voice of your tutor, repeating in your ear, "First, what type of sentence is this? Second, what's the relationship between the blanks?" Even if you haven't had tutoring, the goal of your studying should always be to ensure that you never face a problem you don't know how to begin to answer. 90% of standardized test-taking is knowing where to start. "It's a reading comp question? Okay, what type of question is it? It's inference? Cool, I know what to do It's a math question? Well, is this the type of question where I can backsolve from the answer choices? I can? Score." The right outfit can be magic. 3. Dress for success! We've covered this on this blog before, but the advice bears repeating here: I started showing up to finals in that green bathrobe, and discovered something remarkable: however pessimistic I had felt about my chances on an exam, however certain I was that I knew nothing, had no business taking the class, or even being in college, and should have just fled the campus and the city and gone to live a life of quiet but dignified failure somewhere in the foothills of Jersey—wearing the robe made me feel infinitely sunnier toward the whole situation. I'd look around the room at everyone else wrapped in scarves and peacoats and mittens and boots, and there I'd be, tromping in, taking off my boots, putting on my slippers, and waltzing around in my dirty old green bathrobe, feeling very imperial indeed. Also, layer! The hotter it is outdoors, the colder that room will be; the colder it is, the more likely that some overzealous person has cranked the heat up to "infernal." The point here is that standardized tests like the LSAT or GRE or SAT or any of the endless intimidating acronyms we bow before are just as much about mental toughness and psychological preparation as they are about studying. I know a lot of people who entered important tests as prepared as humanly possible, and then suddenly went completely blanked. One person I know blew her LSATs because the guy next to her kept crushing and crinkling a Red Bull can in his fist, and his stress was apparently contagious. So before Test Day, spend a little time thinking about how you plan to stay relaxed, stay flexible, and above all, stay confident--it may make all the difference in the world. Have thoughts? Methods or tips you'd like to share? Or questions for our veteran tutors? Tweet them at us at @cooldorks or share them with us on Facebook, and we'll holler back!

Ragged Dick Or, Street Life in New York with the Boot Blacks

Ragged Dick: Or, Street Life in New York with the Boot Blacks Ragged Dick: Or, Street Life in New York with the Boot Blacks tells the story of a young teenage boy trying to survive as a boot black on the streets of New York during the period of industrialization. Ragged Dick: Or, Street Life in New York with the Boot Blacks overall is very accurate in its portrayal of the era. Several examples throughout this work can be used to justify this such as Dick’s occupations, his enjoyment of theatre, his rags to riches story, the adversities some individuals struggle through, the emphasis on the suite making a professional, and the hard economic times. However, throughout this book, although not abundant in my opinion, there are also†¦show more content†¦Another theme I found helped portray the era Dick is living in is his love for the theatre. Author Horatio Alger Jr. states, â€Å"He (Dick) was fond of going to the Old Bowery Theatre.†# According to Robert W. Rydel l and Rob Kroes in Buffulo Bill in Bologna, â€Å"With it’s legion of famous performances and a host of Burlesque entertainers, vaudeville, by the turn of the century, had become a staple in the lives of millions of Americans.†# â€Å"According to one study, roughly 15 percent of America’s urban population attended at least one vaudeville show a week, enabling theatres to gross around $20.000 per week.†# With theatres becoming very popular in American Culture during this era it only makes sense that Dick also had a love for the theatre and would often spend much of his income earned throughout the day shining boots at the theatre. Dick states that by going to the theatre he could, â€Å"see the bearded lady, the eight-foot giant, the two-foot dwarf, and other curiosities, too numerous to mention.†# Another aspect of this book that I found to be accurate in select individuals lives throughout this era was the rags to riches aspect of the book. As we learned from several of the characters throughout this book such as Mr. Whitney and even Dick himself at the end of the novel, hard work, ambition, and character throughout this era led to some tremendous success stories. Mr. Whitney states, â€Å"I hope, my lad, you will prosper and ride in the world. YouShow MoreRelatedRagged Dick By Horatio Alger1307 Words   |  6 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ragged Dick by Horatio Alger. This story follows a young boy, who through hard work, determination, self-reliance, honesty and good character went from a homeless black-boot to a respectable, high paying job.   This story is filled with examples of what life was like in New York City, telling the us what he would find and experience in it. In Ragged Dick, This was a time of progress, change and falsehood in American History. This is when people really started to chase the illusive AmericanRead MoreThe American Dream: Malcolm X and Rugged D.1643 Words   |  7 PagesX and Ragged D â€Æ' Throughout history, individuals have strived to achieve the â€Å"American Dream.† Whether they worked endless hours to achieve financial stability or fought infinite amounts of people for their equality, their drive came from the understanding that if they tried hard enough, they would be prosperous and successful. The different viewpoints of the â€Å"American Dream† are depicted in the books, The Autobiography of Malcolm X, as told by Alex Haley, and Ragged Dick, Or, Street Life In NewRead More Imagery in Ragged Dick Essay examples1330 Words   |  6 PagesImagery in Ragged Dick Imagery plays a big part in the success of a novel. Different writers have different styles. The good thing about imagery is it makes room for the reader to put things together. The reader is allowed to interpret the story the way that they like. Ragged Dick, Horatio Alger, Jr. did a great thing with imagery. While reading the novel readers had a change to envision many things that were mentioned in each chapter. Algar interconnected the appearances of the mainRead MoreMyth of Money and Success Essay1254 Words   |  6 Pageswork hard then they can achieve success.  Richard Hunter, main character of the book â€Å"Ragged Dick† has been a typical example of American notion of success. According to this book, by Horatio Alger, everybody can become well recognized and financially prosperous if they would work hard and show their merit. Dick, â€Å"a young gentleman on the way to fame and fortune,† as his friend Fosdick from the story â€Å"Ragged Dick† de scribes him in the end of the story, climbs on the social ladder, starting from theRead MoreSocial Class As A Way That Constrains Someone s Life Chances And Opportunities For Social Mobility1395 Words   |  6 Pages(Alger, 1910). 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I will show how income inequality creates segregation, unequal access to education and healthRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagespage intentionally left blank Rastafari From Outcasts to Culture Bearers Ennis Barrington Edmonds 2003 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford It furthers the Universitys objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne

Lead effective meetings Essay - 1427 Words

Understand how to lead effective meetings A meeting is a gathering of two or more people which can be formal or informal and is convened to achieve a common goal through verbal interaction. Purpose of a meeting Meetings are held for a variety of reasons, with the most important being communication. Within the National Health Service we hold monthly staff meetings for the purpose of receiving updates from managers, exchanging information and ideas, sharing views, co-ordinating activities and formulating plans for the service we deliver. This type of meeting is also a good opportunity for staff to keep in touch, gather information, to express concerns as a collective and network. Meetings are also held to problem solve, make†¦show more content†¦They will draw discussions to and end and attempt to clarify any decisions and action plans to be formulated. A Chairperson should demonstrate active listening, engage all attendees and control the discussions where necessary. They also need to ensure they impose on the attendees any matters of confidentiality. The Secretary is responsible for recoding the minutes of the meeting accurately, concisely and without bias. They also record attendance, apologies and ensure there are sufficient copies of the previous minutes and any additional essential paperwork. Secretaries check the action plans, check they are completed and confirm the correct assigning of the actions. They also understand that the minutes are confidential to the meeting. The individuals attending the meeting have a responsibility to arrive at the meeting on time and prepared, having read the agenda in advance and any important items are researched. They need to attend with an open attitude, engage in active listening and be prepared to get involved. They should be polite to and respect other members and avoid personal conflict and confrontation. Basic meeting protocols and procedures Once the notice of the meeting has been given and minutes have been distributed, encourage punctual attendance and ask for any apologies of lateness to be addressed to the Chairperson. Ensure spare copies of the agenda and minutes are available. All documents should be checked by the chairperson inShow MoreRelatedIlm Level 3 Unit 328 Understand How to Lead Effective Meetings2163 Words   |  9 PagesUnit 328:- Understand how to lead effective meetings AC 1.1 Explain the purpose of a meeting Staff meetings The purpose of regular staff meetings helps an organisation become much more organised and efficient and places both employees and managers on the same page, it makes it easier to establish roles and collaborates to finish projects and achieve goals. They make it possible for all members of a company to work together with less confusion and accomplish objectives faster. They coverRead MoreConducting An Effective Professional Meeting767 Words   |  4 Pages Conducting an Effective Professional Meeting Darius Jagminas, Sam Wogan Clark University Author Note This paper was prepared for Managerial Communications (MGMT 170) by two students enrolled at Clark University Conducting an Effective Professional Meeting Preparation Before Meeting Identify Purpose Gregorio Billikopf, University of California-Berkeley, described meetings as, â€Å"...are held to inform people about policies or operations, gather information, conduct training, resolveRead MoreKey Aspects a Team Needs to Be Successful and Perform at Their Best1053 Words   |  5 PagesA successful team requires several key aspects, to perform at their best. The team is not effective, as they do not integrate effective team procedures into their tasks. To improve their success they need to be organised and create an effective work team. To achieve this Planning and organising, Intrapersonal and interpersonal skills, Quality teams, Team processes need to be employed. A successful team implements good planning puts tasks into perspectives, which involves setting goals which areRead MoreLeading An Effective Business Meeting879 Words   |  4 PagesLeading an Effective Business Meeting An effective leader of an organization bears the responsibility of influencing employees to meet the goals of a company according to its mission statement. As part of a leaders objectives is to hold effective business meetings. This blog installment will cover what it takes for a leader to hold effective meeting step by step. In fact, there are many facets to ensuring that a meeting is engaging and allows for employee participation, take-away understandingRead MoreAn Project Intern Working For A Startup1274 Words   |  6 Pagesoutput. Rather than communicating to the owner through a second email, the team leader waited for a quarterly meeting to discuss the problems in person. Two weeks before the meeting, the boss communicated her displeasure at the team’s poor output. This led to some interns resigning their positions. Eventually, the team leader was able to convey the problems directly during the quarterly meeting, but the project had already missed its quarterly targe ts by then. Though the startup was able to rectify theRead MoreEffective Communication And Good Leadership Skills1340 Words   |  6 Pagesconduction and delivering meetings and speeches or any other sort of public communication. Effective communication skills are necessary not only in business meetings but also in several other private and public relations including hospitals, educational institutions and industry. 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A Decrease in Sexual Fantasies in Women Decreases Desire...

For the scholarly journal I found the disorders in sexual desire and sexual arousal in women comes from the study of the difference in sexual motivation between men and women. This disorder consists of a lack of sexual fantasies and desire for any form of sexual activity. The author was trying to show the difference in how women react to different sexual responses and what can cause lack of sexual desires. It did figure out that women show lower and less frequent sexual motivation than men. Normally, single women almost never complain about being interested in sex, while women in relationships express more complaints based on the different sexual needs between the two partners. Low or no sexual desire is more likely to be the most common sexual problem in women. The study was conducted using sexual response models, which includes; linear model- which experienced sexual desires will happen in a sudden and unplanned way, and it is independent of the sexual arousal response, and Information process model- biological as well as mental factors can interfere with the activation of sexual systems. A large European study shown that women with low sexual desires were less satisfied about their current relationship. Men and women use a variety of different reas ons for doing things, such as physical pleasure, showing feeling of love, satisfying the partner and satisfying that obligation. Men are more drawn to physical qualities, as in women considered relational qualities. Low or noShow MoreRelatedMen And Women s Sexual Desire1431 Words   |  6 PagesAre men and women’s sexual desire the same as we get older or is it just a myth that a women’s desire decreases as we get older? 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Business Research Methodology Social Media Platforms

Question: Discuss about the Business Research Methodologyfor Social Media Platforms. Answer: Introduction In past few decades, social media has emerged universal and most prominently for content sharing, social networking, as well as online accessing. Owing to its dependability, reliability and instantaneous characteristics, social media platforms such as Facebook open a broad place for Australian companies such as online marketing. (Kim, Angella J., and Eunju Ko. 2012) define this type of marketing which takes place through the social media as social media marketing. This contemporary marketing strategy has made possible for businesses to reach targeted customers with ease, efficiently and instantaneously. In addition to that, social media marketing has as well encountered quite a lot of challenges in the field and hence associated with some disadvantages. This literature review paper will elaborate on the usage of social media platforms in businesses particularly the concomitant advantages and disadvantages in the light of various theoretical works. Several materials are selected and c ritically examined to reveal the communalities/similarities, differences and conclusions drawn by different authors. Based on the discussion and analysis, the paper will later point out potential gaps in the literature provided by the arguers. In their work, SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES,Nadaraja and Yazdanifard, discuss the concomitant merits and drawbacks associated with the widespread usage of social media in marketing. According to them, social media platforms such as Facebook have not only aided in cutting off business expenditures but also they have augmented social interactions, interactivity, target marketing, as well as enhancing customer service(Rubathee Nadaraja, Rashad Yazdanifard n.d). However, just as Arca hints, this upcoming trend in business has come along with some setbacks which have created complications and challenges for various business processes. Nadaraja and Yazdanifard point out several of such negative issues linked with the utilization of social media which include; time intensiveness, trust, privacy and security issue, negative feedbacks, and the propagation of User-Generated Content (UGC) through social media. The writers conclude that Social media networks can be instit uted at any place as long as there is an Internet connection, and it ought to be put into consideration by advertisers, marketers, as well as online content inventors as a rudimentary fragment of their communications since social media touches on all aspects of the Internet and transmutes the role played by the Internet in peoples lives. However, while doing so, it is imperative for the companies to recognize the disadvantages linked with the application of various social medial networks because they can function against the objectives of the business. Celine Arca, (2012), in her report Social Media Marketing benefits for businesses, just like Nadaraja and Yazdanifard discusses in depth the benefits and limitations of using social media in businesses such as restaurants. According to Arca, Social Media sites provide corporations, for example, Mac Donald Hundry Jack, with a great assortment of resources in regard to social media channels available, as well as the huge diversity of merits, such as product experience, and targeted traffic(Arca 2012). Nevertheless, application of social media platforms in businesses such as food manufacturing companies also demands for human efforts and sheer hard work, and it carries its own limitations and hazards before attaining noteworthy success. As opposed to (Kaur, Gurpreet 2016), Arca suggests that social media systems need to be scrutinized for efficiency before employing them in any business processes. Her conclusion is in line with Nadaraja and Yazdanifard who suggest that outcomes of the s ocial media in business strategy are supposed to be monitored and measured frequently in attempt to comprehend what works and what does not. Popova, in her work THE GOOD AND BAD OF SOCIAL NETWORKS tends to take a different line of argument. Unlike the preceding discussions by the authors, Dr. Diana Popova, discusses the impact of social networks like Facebook not only on businesses but also on the lives of individuals, and the society at large. According to Popova, The opportunities which social networks bring forward are viewed as both freedoms and limitations contingent to who and why utilizes them(Assoc. Prof. Dr. Diana Popova n.d) This point of argument is contrary to the conclusions made by Arca that these social media platforms, regardless of who uses them results to negative occurrences if they are bound to. However, just as Nadaraja and Yazdanifard suggests, Popova hints that the usage of social medial platforms cannot be denounced but instead their negative impacts should be minimized by identifying what works best and what does not. Jadoons line of thought seems to take a similar stance to that of Popova. According to him, social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, among others should not be viewed as causing changes in the companies but in the social order as well. He therefore, recommends that one should consider how safe and time saving a network is before investing so heavily on its usage within the corporation(Jadoon n.d.). He further supports Arcas point of argument that not always the case that social media contributes positive upshots in the life of a business, but sometimes comes along with some hazards which if not mitigated might lower the overall performance of its key metrics. Therefore, Jadoon emphasizes that businesses should be aware of the associated hazards versus the concomitant rewards. Nonetheless, contrary to the general outlooks of the other arguers, Jadoon concludes that businesses should be fully responsible for their own safety and they ought to strive to stand out of the crowd b y not doing things of the majority. On the other hand, Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM), in their article incepts their work by stating that the benefits associated with social networking networks such as Facebook and Twitter differ depending on platform type, its unique features and the corporation itself. SHRM line of reasoning tends to be more-inclusive and comprehensive than that of the preceding writers. For instance, they view the whole issue of social media and business as affected by both internal and external publics who make use of the sites such as the employees(Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM), 2012). For instance, they point out that workers might compromise the security of the company they are working with when using their social media platforms such as Facebook pages. As opposed to the conclusions put forward by majority of the writers selected for this paper, Society for Human Resource Management association culminates their article by saying that stakeholders, both external and internal should be guided with a policy which should not be violated for any reason whatsoever. Caruso, in his work also addresses the big question of the impacts of social media, but unlike the aforementioned works, he specifically discusses the in regard to a restaurant. Just as Popova says, the usage of social media cannot be denounced; rather a restaurateur should acquaint himself with the pros and cons of restaurant social media marketing(Caruso 2016). However, unlike Popova Caruso focuses more on the companys ability to wave away the drawbacks linked to social media platforms such as negative reviews and increased expenditures. Caruso also emphasizes on the point expressed by (Kwok, L. and Yu, B., 2013)that restaurants should opt for the social media platforms that suit the needs of the targeted consumers. He gives an example of a cafeteria whose main market is composed of teenagers and suggests that such a business may opt to use platforms such as Snapchat, Facebook or Instagram. Potential Gaps in the Literature Research gap according to (Kim, Paul, Shic, and Scassellati 2012)is a research problem or question which the author has not answered properly or at all in a particular field of study. This aspect is evident in our literature review as elaborated in this section of the paper. Despite the fact that Nadaraja and Yazdanifard touch on the issue of propagation of negative information by the unsatisfied customers via the social media, the writers underemphasize on this critical issue. They do not provide in depth explanation of the major causes of the occurrences and their impact on the success of the company and how they can be tamed. Customer forms the nerve center of any typical company in existence because every businessperson strives to attract and maintain a reliable customer base which the social media threatens to diminish. Therefore, this particular issue should have been accorded a deeper clarification in this work. Besides, Arca in her work provides the reader with a superficial explanation on the topic of measuring efficiency of any social media network. While it is clear that the efficacy of a social media site such as Facebook is critical, its efficiency is dictated by the need of the company as well as its capability to accomplish intended purpose. The writer fails to elaborate on the criteria to be followed while gauging the effectiveness of any given platform and this would be of paramount importance to any researcher investigating on the efficiency of social media platforms. Even though Popova tends to me more diverse in her work, she leaves a niche while attempting to explain the impact social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter have on the social order and how they eventually influence the business. It is not clear in her report how the impacts of social media to individuals and society translate into a factor stimulating or hampering success of a business. Apparently, as emphasized by (Kaur, Gurpreet 2016) a slight influence on the wellbeing of the society eventually affects success of the business. Take for instance, the extensive usage of social media platforms such as Twitter and Facebook, where users from different parts of the world have been able to associate. These people meet online and in the process of interacting share critical ideas which can be refined into viable business opportunities. Top executives for big business conglomerates interact on the social media platforms and share views on how overall productivity of the business can be augmented. While it is true from Jadoons work that social media sites come along with some risks which when not properly mitigated can impact on the viability of the business, the author fails to expound on the steps one can follow while extenuating such hazards. It could have been important providing another researcher with a clear and vibrant procedure of dealing with several perils associated with the usage of the contemporary media platforms. This is so because the risks are the ones termed as disadvantages by majority of the arguers. Therefore, deducing a systematic risk alleviation procedure would help significantly in lowering the shortcomings of these sites. Conclusion This literature review paper has expounded on the advantages and disadvantages of social media on the current business operations. Views of different writers in this particular field have been analyzed to reveal their converging and diverging points, and from this, it is evident that more researches need to be conducted. These theoretical works have tried to identify the major advantages and disadvantages associated with the prevalent application of internet-facilitated sites. While they all reveal that the technology media have many advantages and disadvantages based on the modern firms, and many businesses still strive to find the right way to use it, they fail to provide the best course of actions of handling the drawbacks which sometimes might outdo the number of advantages. Bibliography Arca, C 2012, 'Social Media Marketing benefits for businesses', Why and how should every business create and develop its Social Media Sites?, p. 89. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Diana Popova n.d, 'the Good And Bad Of Social Networks', Social Networks Today. Caruso, F 2016, 'Advantages and disadvantages of Social Media Marketing for Restaurants', Home Digital Marketing Advantages and disadvantages of Social Media Marketing for Restaurants, 6 october 2016. Jadoon, RN, 'Advantages and Disadvantages of Social'. Kaur, Gurpreet 2016, 'Social Media Marketing', Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, vol no. 7 , p. 4. Kim, Angella J., and Eunju Ko. 2012, 'Do social media marketing activities enhance customer equity? An empirical study of luxury fashion brand', ournal of Business Research, vol 65, no. 10, pp. 1480-1486. Kim, Paul, Shic, and Scassellati 2012, 'Bridging the research gap: Making HRI useful to individuals with autism.'. Kwok, L. and Yu, B., 2013, 'Spreading social media messages on Facebook: An analysis of restaurant business-to-consumer communications.', Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, vol 54(1), , pp. 84-94. Rubathee Nadaraja, Rashad Yazdanifard n.d, 'social Media Marketing: Advantages And Disadvantages', Social Media Marketing, p. 10. Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM), 2012, 'Social Media: What are the advantages and disadvantages of social networking sites? What should we include in a policy?', 1 Jun 2012, viewed 4 June 2017, https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/tools-and-samples/hr-qa/pages/socialnetworkingsitespolicy.aspx.

How Should Judges Be Appointed free essay sample

Firstly, a judge must be empathetic. When in a hearing, it is the judges’ role to make the final decision on the sentence of the criminal. When making this decision, a judge must be aware of the huge impact the duration of a sentencing can have on an individual as this is a life changing experience for not only the criminal but their family too. For this to happen, it can be argued that the judge needs to be able to relate to the person and truly understand the implications. Not all criminals after all truly bad and they vary in the extremity. Judges can not therefore simply be Oxbridge graduates who are well respected in a small circle, as many of these people live a completely different lifestyle and may find it hard to relate to a working class criminal. That being said it would be unreasonable to assume that different classes in society cannot relate to each other nor that criminals are always of working class. We will write a custom essay sample on How Should Judges Be Appointed? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However the matter of the fact is, the majority are and it is in most cases rather difficult to relate. Secondly, a judge must be open minded. They must not hold prejudice and must be aware of the societal issues in their nation, regardless of whether they affect them or not. For example, in 2008 the credit crunch hit the Uk causing low consumer confidence and a general depression across the country and indeed a lack of hope for the future. Although the economic issue was and still is major, it may have had little impact on those who are generally made judges. So for instance when the issue came about of a single mum trying to commit ford, it would be almost immoral to look at the criminal as a vandal simply trying to cheat an insurance company. For this reason relatability must be present in a judge and they can not be too isolated from the general public of the nation. Discrimination in the court room is in theory prohibited however in practice it is very much visible. Studies have shown that decisions made in court are dependent upon the experiences and backgrounds of both the jury members and of the judge. In ideal world, decisions would be made without bias however this is unrealistic and will probably be an idea that will never come into existence. It is impossible for a person to change their background or indeed to have a multiple backgrounds, therefore creating a huge difficulty in this argument. How can one truly measure a persons prejudice or bias? It is easy to stick to the common stereotype and say how do we know that white upper class judges won’t discretely discriminate against ethnic minority criminal? However the same can be said for an Indian judge towards a polish criminal or a Jewish judge towards a Muslim criminal. This therefore raises the question, is there really any way of appointing judges other than their education? To surmise, it is evident that ideally, judges would be appointed through some test of moral grounding and ability to empathise however this argument assumes that it is easy and possible to measure this. This is not the case and therefore it would seem that in reality the only way to appoint judges is indeed based on their education and it cannot be helped if graduates from well-respected institutions are rarely from an ethnic minority. The reason for this is a different investigation entirely.

Influence of Policy Borrowing on a Nations Policies and Practises

Introduction Human Resource Management (HRM) is a function in an organization that centres on management, recruitment and offering guidelines to the workers in organization. It encompasses issues related to the workers such as recompensation, employment, performance management, corporate development, security, wellness, communication, employee training and inspiration (Pudelko Harzing, 2008).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Influence of Policy Borrowing on a Nations Policies and Practises specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is a comprehensive approach to controlling workers, the environment and the culture of the work place.  Human Resource Development (HRD) is defined as a systematized learning experience imparted by employers within a specific period of time.It leads to individual growth and performance improvement. It is exemplified as planned rather than operational and concentrates on the organiza tion rather than on the persons involved. It is long term, cultural and is centered on change rather than conservation (Myloni, Harzing Mirza, 2007).  Policy transfer and borrowing refers to the adoption of policies, systems, activities and any other physical artefacts from one nation to another. It is thus the procedure through which policies diffuse within and across nations (Dicken, 1998). It is usually understood as a planned learning process. It is voluntary though at the same time it can be coercive.  One of the most significant practices in international business is the transfer of policies and practices all through the distinct national businesses. International transfer of these policies is a particularly complex process and is connected to the necessity of the transfer among international areas having distinct features. It is very important to consider the fact that the practices come from a very unique institutional environment and are later integrated into a totally different domain. The transfer of human resource practices and policies is divided into five sub phases. These include configuration, decision-making, cooperation, execution and internalization (Myloni, Harzing Mirza, 2004). The U.S Multi national corporations are among the most highly centralized nations that actively participate in transferring HR practices and policies to their subordinates. They do this in a highly homogenized and formalized manner (Pudelko Harzing, 2007). However, the execution of U.S. HRM and HRD practices and policies is not a blanket procedure. Managers in the subordinate nations do reject the transfer of several policies. Globalization has created a forward motion to the borrowing of policies and transfer amongst nations. This is due to the increasing changes taking place all through the world. These have their foundation in the ever increasing internationalism of businesses, production and investment together with improvements in technology. The success of policy borrowing and transfer as well as the transfer of training practices is affected by obstacles occurring at a societal level.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Although policy transfer and borrowing may be beneficial, it often depends on broader changes and strategic needs. Policy borrowing and transfer encourages innovation and enhances collaboration between the involved nations.  Analytical abstraction is an important aspect of successful policy borrowing or transfer and is in proportion to the level of institutional and contextual distinctions. Power and consensus is also an important issue. Partners in one nation are free to reject the practices of other partners. Policy transfer also needs to be understood in terms of the degree at which it occurs and the level to which the chief actors influence it. Policy borrowing and transfer may occur between two advanced states or between a highly developed and a less developed nation. However, highly developed nations may hinder transfer of practices to other nations to what they term as their key competencies and congregate to best practices in other fields. This paper will discuss the extent to which UK’s HRM and HRD policy and practices have been influenced by policy borrowing and transfer. Discussion Human Resource Management (HRM) and Human Resource Development (HRD) in the UK are in a state of change. This has been called for by the key changes in the workplace and in the nation itself. Work is becoming more concentrated on people’s knowledge and also more automatic. Workers are becoming more flexible and persistent that their jobs be motivating and satisfying while providing room for personal growth (Hurst, 1975). Competitive strains to do more work with fewer employees have become almost unanimous for all the organizations in the nation. This nation has therefore mad e efforts to bring into line their HRM and HRD systems with the work place. The prominent argument against this movement has been the idea of flexibility. This has made it possible for individual workers and agencies to less focus on a unified HRM management system and to focus more on the development of HRM policies and practices. The shift towards flexibility has revealed itself through a number of ways. This majorly comprises the country’s effort to make use of policies and practices from the more developed nations.  As UK searches for models for more accommodating and responsive human resource management including HRM and HRD policy and practices, interest has increased in policy borrowing and transfer from organizations operating outside its federal regulatory systems.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Influence of Policy Borrowing on a Nations Policies and Practises specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Lear n More Policy borrowing and transfer in this nation has increased flexibility in overall human resource management and development and has enabled decentralization of HRM accountability to improve management responsibility.  One of the key questions in policy borrowing in the UK is the degree to which the employees act and behave against the extent to which their activities bear. A resemblance to those of developed and advanced nations or other international standards.HRM and HRD strategies are therefore evolving from being a simple support function in organizations to being of strategic importance.HRM policies and practices have become critical. Through policy transfer, this acts as instruments for coordination and management of global operations. Policy Transfer and Staffing In the UK, policy borrowing has affected staffing. Staffing processes in this nation have by tradition been recognized as time consuming and requiring manual labour. Few requirements are involved while hir ing employees. However, through policy borrowing, the subject of staffing in this nation has completely changed and trained officials are selected to participate in the hiring process. Organisations now need employees who are modern and technology driven (Johanson, 1977). Ways of advertising jobs have also changed with most organizations now using the internet. Targeted advertising is more commonly used so as to get a diverse employee pool. Management accountability for staffing decisions is in this nation are now well defined in the rank-in-person system where an employee is classified according to the achievements he has brought to the organisation. Automated systems adopted from other nations are used in recruitment. Policy Transfer and Culture A major issue for policy borrowing and transfer in the UK is the effect of national cultures on HRM and HRD policies and practices in the state. This is important to management for political, sociological and psychological reasons. Nations are political elements, embedded in history each having its own institutions. Different nations differ both formally and informally (Hofstede, 1980). Sociological issues involved in management involve the fact that nationality has a representative value to citizens since it is from it where they derive their identity. Peoples’ thinking is to a certain extent conditioned by cultural factors. This is as a result of initial life experiences in one nation which may not be the same from border to border. Policy transfer and borrowing shifts human resources away from their traditional ways of carrying out their activities. It involves moving away from customary personnel, management and transaction roles which are progressively outsourced. Through policy transfer, HRM increases the usefulness of strategic employee utilization. Employee programs thus influence the organization in a perceptible way (Trompenaars, 1993).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Despite the fact that current research has sought to make clear the connection between organizational structure and culture, culture nonetheless is considered as a significant determining aspect following the failure of many. Human Resource Management and Human Resource Development transfer practices from nation to nation. On the contrary, most research considers culture as the paramount factor in determining HRM and HRD practices. A comparable research stream has also emphasized on the significance of institutional and structural differences (Hofstede, 1993). Workforce Development UK’s HRM and HRD policy and practices have been influenced by policy borrowing through workforce development. The employees are educated and trained for better corporation and employee performance (Todd, 1995). They are prepared for the larger demands of a highly technical and intelligent based workplace. The employee education and training in this case involves relating training more directly to t he needs of the organization. It also involves generating organizational education centers to increase employee and organizational capacities for the future. Workforce development through training and employee education is thus as a result of borrowing policies from advanced nations such as the US. The natives who are the employees in the UK have thus to be taught on this new policies. Training Policy borrowing and transfer affects UK’s HRM and HRD policies and practices through training. It influences how this is conducted both among nations and within the organization. It also affects the criteria through which workers are employed in an organization in the nation.  Workers have to get used to learning from other peoples experiences even when situations might make the transfer of real practices easier said than done (Ashton, Green, James and Sung, 1999). For instance, sometimes it may not be easy to pass on training practices without adaptations that are all embracing. It may also not be possible to apply the principles upon which the capabilities of doing certain activities were based. Policy borrowing constitutes a key constraint when the nations involved are executing global strategies due to the different institutional and cultural structures. Policy transfer/ borrowing influences Continuing Vocational/ Occupational Training in the UK. The cross way transfer of training policies and practices in national systems has developed along the growing globalization of the economy of the world (Ashton and Turbin, 1995). Currently, high and less developed economies have cooperated with the objective of seeking to learn what they consider as more resourceful and successful practices of other nations. This has been stimulated by the well understood link between ventures in Education Technology and financial expansion and success.  Policy borrowing in this case has been taken to mean the maintenance of economic supremacy. Less advanced nations have sought through the intercession of supranational powers and agencies For instance the World Bank to introduce policies and practices hence imitating the Education and Training systems of highly developed nations. This has hastened the economic development of this nation. The simulation of a specific training practice, the extensive importation of a training technique and transfer has led to the growth of training systems of nations. This has become a focal point for policy makers and practitioners in Human Resource development working with the Education and Training arena (Turbin, 1995). Research Proliferation The significance of policy borrowing and transfer is demonstrated by research increase on the skills acquirement systems of prosperous economies. For instance, copying of the Japanese Human Resource Management systems by the UK demonstrates how the growth of an economy is connected to the skill attainment systems. Current efforts to classify national techniques of educational and voc ational training could be associated with the need of a policy to recognize victorious strategies for labour training and development. Indeed, research in the domains of education, transfer of technology and human resource management should guide people to be careful on the effects of the transmission of training practices. Relatively, education provides a rich source of studies on the introduction of Education and Training programmes and policies in the UK. Effect of Technology Transfer Explorations in technology transfer have centered on the power relations implications within the process of transferring or borrowing policies. It also cautions on the principal dependency that technology transfer can produce to the economy.  Human Resource Management and Human Resource Development have offered UK with a growing literature on the difficulties associated with the transfer of management and training activities. Technology transfer as a policy has changed the HRM and HRD policies and practices in the UK. The organizations in this nation rely more on technology with little or completely no reliance on man power. The incorporation of policies related to technology has thus completely changed the policies and practices related to the management of human resources in this nation. Employee Information Acquisition Since policy transfer is basically about learning, forms of information acquisition is an important aspect in the UK. There is increased use of the communications through the internet due to the fact that policy transfer occurs at a very fast rate due to sufficient global communication. HRM and HRD policies and practices did not in the past involve use of the internet but involved just learning organizational developments by watching how other organizations undertook their organizational activities. Through policy transfer, organizations learn how to apply policies used in other countries by reading pieces of information from the internet. This has thus cha nged the way employees acquire information concerning the adoption of new policies (Phillips, 1992). Attraction and retainance of employee talents Policy borrowing and transfer has affected HRM and HRD policies through the attraction and retainance of employee talents. Policy borrowing and transfer in this case helps an organization to cope with competitive markets globally. Nations that do not adopt policy borrowing and transfer may find themselves in awful consequences since their competitors may outshine them in the tactical deployment of human resources. Due to the local and global increase of competition, organizations need to become more flexible, strong, and lively and customer focused so as to be successful. This can only be achieved through policy borrowing and transfer. Management of Work place diversity Policy transfer and borrowing enhances work place diversity. This is a change in terms of human resource management. It promotes the diversity of values, confidence and et hics between workers. Different workers are taught on different ways of doing things. The future achievements in any organization depend on its capacity to manage a varied body of talents that can yield inventive ideas and perceptions to the organization. Policy borrowing turns the difficulties involved in an organization due to specialization into strategic organizational advantages.  Policy borrowing and transfer allows for the combination of skills adopted from different cultural backgrounds, sexes, ages and ways of living hence enabling UK organizations to react to business opportunities more promptly and creatively particularly in the international arena. Diversity cannot however be classified easily and organizations need to react to this by gauging the talents of a wide work force. Employee participation in Production HRM and HRD policy and practices in the UK have been influenced by policy borrowing through enabling the employees to participate in the production process mo re efficiently and successfully. The employees through policy transfer learn new and better ways of carrying out things and this leads to the achievement of the corporations goals and objectives. Through policy borrowing all employees are given equal chances to participate in the production process which is almost relative to their managers. Classification and compensation Policy borrowing and transfer has altered the HRM and HRD policies and practices in the UK. It has led to an adaptable, competitive and sufficient classification and compensation techniques in the work environment. This has provided the organization with the capability to congregate competitive needs and to move from superiority based pay systems to those based on performance. The organizations are also able to use pay systems that are more flexible and those that fit their exceptional surroundings and organizational wants. Copying classification and compensation systems in an organization is simpler than when the organization has to establish its own systems. Performance Management Policy borrowing has influenced performance management in this nation. Policy borrowing has given organizations in this nation the capability to devise performance appraisal and remuneration systems that accommodate the needs of the employees. There is widespread use of performance factors in determining the employees pay in companies which have adopted policies from other countries. Traditional approaches to performance management are no longer used and the performance management criteria used is connected to organizational goals. Increases to pay are related to employee performance. Monetary awards and non-monetary recognition systems Policy borrowing and transfer has laid strong emphasis on monetary and non monetary awards. This involves adoption of programs such as individual and group recognition techniques and commodity awards. Such practices are borrowed from other nations to enable proper organizational m anagement. Benefits and family friendly policies This is another example of a human resource management and development practice that is as a result of policy borrowing. Benefits offered to the employees include insurance both life and health, leaves both sick and annual and retirement benefits. Family friendly policies which arise as a result of policy borrowing and transfer include a right of entry to fitness centers in the organization, provision of facilities for child care and care for the elders, financial backing in relation to transportation and provision of health screenings. Employee Protections and Labour Relations Policy borrowing and transfer enables companies to be protected from unnecessary political influence and random, unpredictable and discriminatory management actions. The employees through policy transfer are protected from any harm that may affect them while undertaking their activities. The nations from which the organization has adopted its organizational pol icies from may be in a status to compensate for any harm which takes place during the policy execution. Labour relations are also promoted during policy adoption. Employees Oversight and Accountability Policy borrowing and transfer has influenced UK’s HRM and HRD policy and practices. It has influenced UK’s employees by increasing their adaptability to oversight and accountability. The managers need to ensure that the employees are accountable for any activities in the organization. The employees should adhere to the HRM and HRD policies and practices and all the other organizational values. The managers should be HRM accountable in the sense that they should show that they are making effective use of the borrowed policies to manage the human resources. The employees should have an overall HRM and HRD external oversight of all the programmes in the organisation.HRM and HRD representatives in this nation should constantly evaluate management practices under delegated HR M authority. This has caused a change in UKs HRM and HRD policies and practices since both the managers and employees have the responsibility for managing their human resources. Effect on Recruitment Policy borrowing has influenced UK’s HRM and HRD policies and practices by ensuring that recruitment of new employees is done in such a way that it is from individuals with the necessary qualifications (Jeremy, 1999). This is done in an endeavour to obtain a work force from all sections of the society. Selection and promotion is exclusively determined based on relative capability, knowledge and talents. Adaptability of productive organizations Policy borrowing has made it possible for organizations to increase their productivity. The organizations that adapt fast to new policies borrowed from other nations are able to be successful in production (Martin and Beaumont, 1999). The ability of workers to move from one job to another Policy borrowing and transfer has changed the HRM an d HRD policies and practices in the UK. It has increased the rate at which employees move from one job to another. Through learning, the employees learn new ways of doing things. Once the employees get used to this new ways, then they are reallocated new jobs in that organization depending on what duties they can perform better. Human Resource Management and Development Practices in the UK as a result of Policy Transfer and Borrowing. All organizations in the UK have integrated merit and system principles. In the past before UK adopted the principle of policy borrowing and transfer, there were no differences in the way staff were recruited in the organization whether specialized or not. However as a result of policy transfer, this practice has completely changed. High staffing flexibilities are the key factors in this nation’s organizations. Currently, in UK’s organizations, there is high reliability on automation and simple HRM systems and practices are widely ignored .  In the past before the adoption of policy borrowing and transfer in this nation, more duties were delegated to the managers as compared to the other workers so as to reduce the amount of time required in production and also to lower resource requirements. However, through policy transfer, the nation has learned the importance of incorporating all the employees in the production process. This has changed the nation’s organizational policies and practices in relation to the allegation of duties. HRM and HRD policies and practices in the UK were in the past incorporated into the organizations internal responsibility. Through policy borrowing, this has become a part of an external HRM authority. Policy borrowing serves as a base for these organizations as they continue seeking for other ways of enhancing their HRM systems and services. Through policy borrowing and transfer, UK has moved to compensations that are market based and it now pays its employees based on performance . In this case, pay systems are linked to the achievement of organizational goals.  Policy borrowing has led to the introduction of organizations particular benefits package in the UK. This concerns issues related to retreats, health and life insurances of the employees in an organization. Before UK adopted policy borrowing, there was very low focus on employee development. Minimal attempts were establish to guarantee that the workers were in a position to suit organizational needs. This has however changed with time and managers have become highly concerned with their employees competent abilities. There were very little concerns on employee protection with greater concentrations on internal consultation procedures, negotiation and processes of peer review (McCaughey and De Cieri,1999). It is therefore clear that several organizations in the UK have adopted policy borrowing so as to currently strive with the ever changing business environment. Competitive markets in this nation a re thus renovating themselves to be able to deal with these challenges through the adoption of better HRM and HRD systems. Policy borrowing has led to an integrated human resource management system change in the UK. Most organizations in this nation have realized that a well built and integrated human resource management system is very important so as to achieve the mission accomplishments successfully. Changes have been made concerning all the functional areas of human resource management and development. Organizations have thus redesigned their overall HRM and HRD systems. Policy borrowing has affected the HRM and HRD development through enabling nationalization of human resources. It has reduced the problems of demographic unevenness which originates from a high proportion of emigrants in the region. Policy borrowing has also reduced the difficulties involved in public and private sector employment. Human Resource Management and Development Policies in the UK as a result of Polic y Transfer and Borrowing All workers and employment applicants have the right to receive just and reasonable treatment in all features of personnel management. There should be no issues of political differences, race, gender, religion, nationality, marital status, disability or age. The employee constitutional rights and confidentiality should be properly regarded (Raffe and Rumberger, 1992). Equal payments should be offered for works of equal value and suitable incentives should be provided for performance excellences. All employees are expected to maintain high levels of integrity, behaviour and show concern for issues concerning public interest. The UK workforce should be used sufficiently and successfully. Employees should be retained depending on their performance adequacies. Derisory performance should be rectified. Employees are supposed to be provided with efficient education and training especially in situations where such could lead to better organizational and personal pe rformance. Conclusion The transfer and borrowing of policies from one nation to another is also known as cultural borrowing. However, apart from the advantages resulting from this adoption, it is also associated with some great difficulties. Lack of understanding of the situation of the institution may lead to unsuitable policy borrowing and transfer with destructive consequences. Research studies have warned nations against this policy borrowing though developing nations still have an acceptance that there is still a lot to learn from developed nations (Rhodes, 1997).  It is therefore clear that with the absence or presence of success in these fields, policy transfers will always continue. In occasions where policy transfer occurs and generates some success, it normally undergoes a process of adaptation and execution. This involves tailoring the primary principles to the receiving organization, examination of the process and appropriate interceding. The organizational environment should be in such a way that it broadly enhances diversity which comes together with policy borrowing.  Organizations that have gotten engaged in policy borrowing and transfer involve their staff in research and execution of better HRM policies and practices. However, the acquisition of new HRM and HRD systems and practices can be complicated and hazardous. Cultural, organizational and institutional factors influence the transfer of HRM and HRD practices across nations (Powell, 1999). References Ashton, D. and Turbin, J. (1995). The Transfer of Training: The Reform of Vocational Education and Training in Singapore. London: Tavistock Institute. Ashton, D.N., Green, F., James, D. and Sung, J. (1999). Education and Training for Development in East Asia: The Political Economy of Skill Formation in Newly Industrialized Economies, London: Routledge. Dicken, P. (1998). Global Shift: Transforming the World Economy. London: Paul Chapman Publishing Ltd. Hofstede, G (1993). The cultural Rel ativity of Organizational Practices and Theories. Oxford University Press. Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work Related Values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Hurst, P. (1975). Three Criteria for the Selection Stage of the Transfer of Educational Innovation, Comparative Education, 11, 63–71. Jeremy, D.J (1999). The Transfer of International Technology. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Johanson, J. (1977). Journal of International Business Studies 14 (2); 75-78 Martin, G. and Beaumont, P. (1999), ‘Co-ordination and Control of Human Resource Management. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 10, 21–42. McCaughey, S.L. and De Cieri, H. (1999). Reassessment of Convergence and Divergent Dynamics: Implications for International HRM. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 10, 235–50. Myloni, B. Harzing, A.W. Mirza, H.R. (2007). The effect of organizational factors on the transfer of human resou rce management practices. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 18 (12), 20-74. Myloni, B. Harzing, A.W. Mirza, H.R. (2004). Human Resource Management in Greece: Have the colours of culture faded away? International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 4(1) 59-76. Phillips, D. (1992). Borrowing Educational Policy’ Something Borrowed Something Blue? A Study of the Thatcher Government’s Appropriation of American Education and Training Policy, 2, 49–57. Powell, M. (1999). An Analysis of Policy Implementation in the Third World Hampshire: Ash gate Publishing Ltd. Pudelko, M. Harzing, A.W. (2007). How European is Management in Europe? An Analysis of Past, Present and Future Management Practices in Europe. European Journal of International Management, 1(3), 206-224 Pudelko, M. Harzing, A.W. (2008). Human Resource Management and Japan. Kobe University; Kobe. Raffe, D. and Rumberger, R. (1992). Education and Training for 16–18 Year Olds in t he UK and the US’, Something Borrowed Something Blue? A Study of the Thatcher Government’s Appropriation of American Education and Training Policy, 2, 135–9. Rhodes, M. (1997), Globalisation, Labour Markets and Welfare States: A Future of Competitive Corporatism? Florence: European University Institute Todd, J. (1995), Colonial Technology: Science and the Transfer of Innovation to Australia Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Trompenaars, F. (1993). Riding the Waves of Culture: Understanding Cultural Diversity in Business London: Nicholas Brearley Publishing. Turbin, J. (1995). Report on the Research Action on Transferability of Training and Learning London: Tavistock Institute This research paper on Influence of Policy Borrowing on a Nations Policies and Practises was written and submitted by user Lauren O. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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Short Essay Example Short Essay – Article Example Task: Short essay Philosophy is a dynamic discipline that studies almost everything that surrounds us. The discipline relies extensively on logic in making conclusions. This discipline applies logic, critical evaluation and rational in evaluating problems. Therefore, the programme designed by the faculty should aim at enhancing the ability of the students to apply logic, evaluate critically and apply rational in resolving problems. However, the programme that the lecturer is utilizing seems to concentrate on reading philosophical material. The above program will ensure that students have adequate knowledge in philosophy. Nonetheless, appropriate skills should accompany the knowledge thus; helping the students utilize the readings made. The lesson plan reveals that the tutor has apportioned excessive time for class readings. The professor can enhance the students’ skills by facilitating discussions during class. Such discussions will provide the professor with a chance to evalu ate students’ understanding of the readings. Additionally, discussions will make the students active partakers in the class readings. Reading has rendered most students as passive partakers in the class thus; limiting their understanding of the readings. Therefore, allocating discussion substantial time will enable students to apply logic, rationale and make critical evaluation of problems in philosophy. The above changes will work since it deviates from the current plan by allowing the students to exhibit their skill hence; enabling the professor to understand students’ weaknesses and make appropriate adjustments. Reducing time allocated to reading will eliminate boredom in the class. Eliminating boredom by holding discussions will boost the students’ understanding of the discipline by allowing them to participate actively in the lesson (Arthur, 38).Work citedArthur, John. Studying Philosophy. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson prentice hall publishers, 2003. Prin t.